The turbine, which turned the energy of the source into mechanical energy for further use, was the most significant component of traditional energy (hydroelectric power plants). (technology of batteries)
However, with the development of renewable wind and solar energy, energy storage devices come to the fore, which will effectively store the energy received.
Cars of the future
will also not be able to do without efficient batteries and battery technology. Because the latest developments in battery technology and electric car trends are becoming more and more popular every day.
Types of energy systems.
A variety of technologies are available to capture energy, store it, and use it later.
The most common systems are the accumulation of electrical and thermal energy. Such systems are of several types:
Electrical equipment.
The largest growth rate of energy storage over the past decade has been in electrical systems such as batteries and capacitors.
Capacitors are electronic devices that store electrical energy as a charge on metal plates.
When a capacitor is connecting to a power source, it stores energy, and when disconnecting from the source, it releases it.
Electrochemical methods are used to store energy in the battery. Because chemical reactions take longer to complete, capacitors can release stored energy at a faster rate than batteries.
Mechanical storage systems use the basic ideas of physics to convert electrical energy into kinetic energy for storage and then convert it back into electrical energy for consumption.
Such systems are large pumping-storage dams,
mechanical flywheels, and compressing air accumulators.
The storage of thermal energy allows it to be storing and using later to balance the need for energy between day and night or when the seasons change.
Most often these are tanks with hot or cold water, molten salts, ice storage, and cryogenic equipment.
Chemical
Chemical. They are usually using in the storage of hydrogen. In them, electrical energy is using to extract hydrogen from water through electrolysis.
The gas is then compressing and stored for
future use in hydrogen generators or fuel cells.
This procedure consumes a lot of energy. Only 25% of the energy is saving for end-use.
Different industries and technologies use different types of batteries with different chemical compositions.
Lithium-cobalt batteries, lighter and with a higher voltage for fast charging, are used in smartphones and other household appliances.
More durable and larger lithium-titanate batteries which are installing in public transport, in particular, in electric buses.
Power plants use low-capacity but fireproof
lithium phosphate cells.
battery technology
While alternatives to lithium-ion batteries are being developing, companies are looking for ways to more efficiently store energy.
A successful use case for advanced lithium-ion batteries has been to integrate them into hybrid power systems.
In industrial energy, such systems have been developing in the 2020s. They allow you to combine the advantages of several methods of energy storage and conservation.
One striking example is Tesla battery stations.
The first such station was built by Tesla in South Australia in 2017. Construction took only three months.
The company promising that if this period is exceeding, the country will receive the battery free of charge.
The average price for batteries for electric vehicles was $126/kWh. Thus, the cost of the battery pack in the total price of the car has decreased to 21%. By 2030, the cost of batteries could drop to $58/kWh due to new technological advances.
Lithium-ion battery technology is the most widely using.
Among the existing battery technologies, the lithium battery pack for cars is now the most common (it is denoted for brevity by LIB – Li-Ion Battery).
The reason for the advantages of characteristics:
- the energy density (powers a tiny smartphone up to two days);
- discharge power (suitable for traction batteries of electric vehicles);
- Coulomb efficiency (gives off energy, how much it takes);
- service life (holds from 500 charge-discharge cycles).
Electric vehicles, portable and flexible electronics, as well as stationary devices (industrial, medical, infrastructure) are now equipping with Li-ion batteries.
battery technology
Now on the market, there is a huge variety of Li-Ion batteries of various brands, both with protection and without.
The explosive growth of their popularity occurred in 2008-2010 when a large number of powerful LED lights appeared on the market in foreign online stores.
But, it is worth recognizing that, so far, for most users, this type of battery is quite new and unfamiliar.
In order not to get confused in all this variety, we want to give you some tips to help you decide what kind of lithium battery you need (protected or unprotected) and how not to buy frankly low-quality goods.
Due to Li-Ion technology, batteries have a number of limitations that must be observing during operation.
This:
- maximum voltage (overcharge voltage) should not exceed 4.25-4.35V
- minimum voltage (over-discharge voltage) should not be lower than 2.2-2.5V
- the discharge current should not exceed 2 times the value of the capacitance (2C): i.e. for a battery with a capacity of 2200mAh, the maximum discharge current should not be higher than 4400mA, and the owner of a capacity of 3100mAh can be safely discharged with a current of up to 6200mA.There are special types of high-power Li-Ion batteries that are designing to work with high discharge currents, exceeding their capacity by 5-10 times.
Lithium-ion battery.
Popularity and ability to perform at a high level. Those who asked about electric car batteries at least one time, definitely know about lithium battery packs for cars.
They have made the greatest contribution to the advanced development of the electric power sector in recent years.
They are distinguishing by their efficiency, low cost, and excellent performance in relation to the elements’ weight.
Consider 3 parameters: the size of the battery, the ratio of mass to the amount of stored energy, and a price.
Many household products, such as phones, computers, and vacuum cleaners, use lithium-ion batteries.
Remember that maintaining the health of the planet and future generations is the responsibility of each of us.
Do not overlook the importance of safe battery disposal; play a personal role in the preservation of the environment and your own health.
