Wheat crops belong to the genus Triticum under the botanical classification. There are various species of this genus that farmers can use for cultivation, like Triticum Polonicum, Triticum Sativum, Triticum monococcum, etc. However, the most cultivated wheat variety is Triticum Sativum. Wheat species are distinguished from each other during the production of the number of flowers.
The leaves of wheat plants grow telescopically at the top of the stem. The last leaf that develops is called the flag leaf and is very important because the photosynthetic rate is higher than that of other leaves.
Ideal Conditions For Wheat Farming in India
When you start any plant to sow, you need to know the various most essential sections that would be helpful in profitable business cultivation. We can provide information related to more trustworthy tractors in wheat cultivation. We can recommend the Sonalika 750 that is helpful in “tillage to harvest,” the complete procedure of farming.
1. Wheat Farming – Climate Requirement
Wheat is a wide crop that farmers can grow in climates ranging from temperate to tropical and cold northern parts. Apart from this, they can cultivate it anywhere from land at sea level to an altitude of 3300 meters. Locations with cool, moist climates for most of the year, followed by a dry, short and hot season, are best suitable for wheat cultivation. These types of weather conditions allow proper maturation and ripening of grains. However, regions with heavy rainfall and a moist and hot climate are not suitable for commercial wheat cultivation.
Likewise, extremely low or high temperatures and drought-like conditions will affect the wheat crop during flowering. During a lot of energy, high temperatures are lost due to transpiration. Therefore, very little residual energy is left within the crop resulting in low yields. In addition, high humidity and low temperatures are likely to cause rusting of crops.
2. Wheat Cultivation – Season Requirement
Farmers grow wheat as a winter or rabi season crop. However, this season is adapting to growth and ensuring maximum yield. Since tolerating the intense cold, it resumes growth in summer after dormant in winter.
3. Soil Requirement For Wheat Cultivation
Wheat requires soil with an adequate water holding capacity. Heavy soil with poor drainage capacity and sensitivity to waterlogging is not preferable for wheat farming.
Usually, black cotton soil with a neutral pH and good drainage capacity is preferable for wheat farming. If farmers grow a dry crop they preference heavy soil with good drainage capacity. In contrast, soil with moderate drainage capacity is preferable for wheat as an irrigated crop. The soil used for wheat cultivation should be free from coarse sand, gravel, stones, should be of uniform texture and deep. It should be soft enough to penetrate deep into the root.
4. Water Requirement – Wheat Cultivation
Wheat requires watering of 450 to 650 mm. Farmers require a maximum amount of water during the flowering and heading stage for wheat cultivation. While you ripe this fruit, it requires very little water. If farmers cultivate the irrigated crop, they should do flood irrigation once every 10 days. However, if they cultivate it on black soil, the irrigation is done once every 15 days. Because when you irrigate, the soil has a higher amount of water holding capacity.
5. Crop Rotation
Farmers can cultivate the two crops on the same field since wheat takes 100 days to mature. Farmers generally sow wheat as a rabi crop in October. This crop is rarely raised as a Kharif or main season. Therefore, crops like Bengal gram, other pulses, onion, ginger, cow-peas, groundnut (early season variety) and coriander are raised as main crops. After that, wheat is the late-season crop in the same year. Wheat is the only crop farmers have cultivated for years, in areas of low rainfall and the North-East. After that, the next year, they cultivate coriander and pulses. Followed by the third year, they cultivate the Bajra. In the next year, they grow non-cereal crops like grains. The fifth-year sees wheat cultivation. After that, farmers farm the cotton for a year, followed by wheat the next year, in black cotton soil.
6. Planting Material
Wheat was an imported grain during the independent era. However, due to the Green Revolution during the 1960s, new wheat or wheat germ varieties were introduced, which were drought and rust-resistant, and could withstand high amounts of waterlogging. Until the Green Revolution, wheat cultivated in India had very poor resistance and very low yields.
Therefore, new, more resistant strains are introduced that promise higher yields. Sujata, Jawahar, MACS series, Indra, DDK series, etc., are some of the varieties created during and after the Green Revolution period. These wheat varieties are more resistant to diseases and pests, have better adaptability, and withstand climate change.
Need the Equipment in the Wheat Cultivation
When you want to get information about cultivation, you should also know the equipment that will help to boost the yield. Rotavators, cultivators, tillers, and tractors are essential in every cultivation. However, the tractor is the most pivotal among all the equipment. Hence we recommend the Sonalika 60 for wheat farming in India.
For more information regarding the wheat cultivation blog and any other agriculture factor, stay tuned with us.
